Cocaine has been found in some European shrimp, and it's part of a disturbing trend of drug-filled shellfish

{1} 科学家在英国的五条河流中发现了淡水虾中可卡因的痕迹。在一项新的研究中，研究人员说他们也检测到了这种药物。虾中含有氯胺酮，禁用农药和抗抑郁药物。这不是科学家第一次在水生动物身上发现药物。西雅图Puget Sound的贻贝中含有羟考酮的痕迹，伦敦泰晤士河的鳗鱼可能受到水中可卡因的影响。访问Business Insider的主页了解更多故事。五条英国河流中的虾已检测出可卡因呈阳性。英国科学家在伦敦东北部农村地区萨福克郡的五条河流中的15个地点试验了淡水虾。他们的研究结果发表在“环境国际”杂志上，结果显示所有的虾都含有微量的可卡因，以及药物氯胺酮（一种麻醉剂，有时用作派对药物）和禁用的杀虫剂，称为fenuron。研究人员表示，这些药物很可能在人类食用后进入河流和淡水;可卡因可以从尿液进入我们的废水。然后 - 特别是如果未经过滤和未经处理的原始人类污水 - 药物可以从我们的污水系统流入周围的水生生态系统。“这种在野生动物中经常发生的非法药物令人惊讶，”该研究的合着者莱昂巴伦说，新闻稿。 “我们可能期望在伦敦这样的城市地区看到这些，但不会在较小的农村集水区看到这些。”该研究的作者说，他们无法得出这些河流污染物对虾或动物的影响。吃掉他们。然而，他们确实说，检测到“几种不再获得欧盟批准的农药”需要进一步调查。从尿液到污水再到虾。在研究中测试的15个地点，科学家们发现了56种污染物的痕迹。淡水虾叫Gammarus pulex。最常检测到的化合物浓度最高的是博士gs如可卡因，利多卡因（某些毒贩用来增加可卡因的局部麻醉剂）和氯胺酮。研究人员发现了抗焦虑药物阿普唑仑和地西泮的痕迹（分别以其品牌名称，Xanax和Valium更为人所知） ）。普萘洛尔 - 治疗高血压和心律不齐 - 也被发现，虽然不是那么频繁。药物不是唯一可以积聚在水生生物中的污染物。鱼类和贝类也可以积聚微塑料 - 微小的破碎塑料碎片 - 这使他们的食物链上升。根据史密森学会的说法，微型塑料甚至出现在我们的大便中。贝类还摄入进入水道的有毒化学物质。其中一个值得注意的例子是1932年至1968年在日本水Bay湾的一家名为Chisso Corporation的化肥公司倾倒的甲基汞。日本公民食用海湾受污染的海产品，因此感染了水犀病，这对大脑和神经系统造成严重破坏并造成身体上升畸形。装满药物的贝类不是一个限制在英国的问题虾并不是唯一一个有意外毒品问题的动物。2017年在加拿大维多利亚州进行的一项研究发现，贝类生活在靠近污水排入的地方。环境中含有三氯生（手肥皂中的抗菌剂）和布洛芬等药物的痕迹。2019年1月，科学家还发现伦敦下水道溢出的泰晤士河水中含有可卡因痕迹。英国首都的欧洲任何一个城市的污水中可卡因浓度最高。阅读更多：伦敦泰晤士河的可卡因水平创历史新高，研究人员正在试图弄清楚它是否使鳗鱼变得更高了另一项研究发现，在泰晤士河游泳的极度濒危鳗鱼可能变得“过度活跃”，因为可卡因在大脑中积聚肌肉，鳃和皮肤。最后，科学家们还发现了羟考酮，抗抑郁药，化疗药物和西雅图普吉特海湾贻贝肌肉组织中的心脏药物。研究人员表示，这表明贻贝正在以受污染的人类污水为食，“你不会想从这些城市海湾收集（和食用）贻贝，”研究合着者安迪詹姆斯在一份新闻稿中写道。 {1 }{0}{1}

Scientists have found traces of cocaine in freshwater shrimp across five rivers in the UK.In a new study, researchers said they also detected the drug ketamine, banned pesticides, and antidepressant drugs in the shrimp.This isn't the first time scientists have found drugs in aquatic animals. Mussels in Seattle's Puget Sound had traces of oxycodone in them, and eels in London's Thames river may have been affected by cocaine in the water.Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.Shrimp in five UK rivers have tested positive for cocaine.A group of British scientists drug-tested freshwater shrimp from 15 sites across five rivers in Suffolk County, a rural area northeast of London. Their results, published in the journal Environment International, showed that all the shrimp contained trace amounts of cocaine, as well as the drug ketamine (an anesthetic sometimes used as a party drug) and a banned pesticide called fenuron. The researchers said the drugs likely made their way into rivers and fresh water after human consumption; cocaine can pass from urine into our wastewater. Then — especially if raw human sewage is left unfiltered and untreated — the drug can flow from our sewage systems into surrounding aquatic ecosystems.“Such regular occurrence of illicit drugs in wildlife was surprising,” Leon Barron, a coauthor of the study, said in a press release. “We might expect to see these in urban areas such as London, but not in smaller and more rural catchments.”The study authors said they couldn't draw any conclusions about what effects these river pollutants might have on the shrimp or the animals that eat them. They did say, however, that the detection of “several pesticides that no longer have approval in the EU” warrants further investigation.From urine to sewage to shrimpAt the 15 sites tested in the study, scientists found traces of 56 pollutants in a type of freshwater shrimp called Gammarus pulex. The compounds that were detected most frequently in the highest concentrations were drugs such as cocaine, lidocaine (a local anesthetic that some drug dealers use to bulk up cocaine), and ketamine.The researchers found traces of the antianxiety medications alprazolam and diazepam as well (better known by their brand names, Xanax and Valium, respectively). Propranolol — which treats high blood pressure and irregular heartbeats — was also detected, though not as frequently.Drugs aren't the only pollutants that can accumulate in aquatic critters.Fish and shellfish can also accumulate microplastics — tiny pieces of broken-down plastic — that make their way up the food chain. Microplastics even show up in our poop, according to the Smithsonian Institute.Shellfish also ingest poisonous chemicals that enter waterways. One notable example of this was methylmercury dumped by a fertilizer company called the Chisso Corporation in Japan's Minamata Bay from 1932 to 1968. Japanese citizens consumed the bay's contaminated seafood and consequently contracted Minamata disease, which wreaks havoc on the brain and nervous system and causes physical deformities.Drug-filled shellfish isn't a problem restricted to the UK Shrimp aren't the only animals with an accidental drug problem.A 2017 study in Victoria, Canada, found that shellfish living in close proximity to places where sewage gets discharged into the environment contained traces of drugs such as triclosan (the antibacterial agent in hand soap) and ibuprofen.In January 2019, scientists also found that London sewer water overflowing into the Thames river contained traces of cocaine. The UK capital has the highest concentration of cocaine in its sewage of any city in Europe. Read more: London's Thames river has record-high levels of cocaine, and researchers are trying to figure out if it's making eels highYet another study found that critically endangered eels swimming in the Thames river could become “hyperactive” as that cocaine accumulates in their brains, muscles, gills, and skin.Finally, last year, scientists also found traces of oxycodone, antidepressants, chemotherapy drugs, and heart medications in the muscle tissue of mussels in Seattle's Puget Sound. This suggests the mussels are feeding on contaminated human sewage, the researchers said.“You wouldn't want to collect (and eat) mussels from these urban bays,” study coauthor Andy James wrote in a press release.

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